Making the Most of Marigolds

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French marigolds provide bright color in the fall garden

Years ago, my friend Lois shared a tip for growing marigolds that is one of the best gardening tips I have ever received. It goes like this: In late spring, after the soil has warmed, sow a cheap packet of marigold seeds in a small nursery bed that is convenient to weed and water. When the marigold seedlings grow to 4 inches (10 cm) high, dig and move them to places where you want bold fall color similar to what you might get with chrysanthemums. Because of their late start, the marigolds hold their fire until summer's end, then cover themselves with blossoms for two months, or until the first hard freeze takes them down. Handled this way, marigolds make chrysanthemums look lazy.

Types of Marigolds

Marigolds have tropical or semi-tropical origins in the Americas, which explains their need for warm growing conditions. Marigold species vary in size and in the other talents they bring to the garden, but all make phenomenal color plants for fall.

Growing marigolds in the vegetable garden

Large-flowered marigolds (Tagetes erecta) are stiffly upright plants that grow to about 24 inches (60 cm) tall, and produce big, ruffled flowers in shades of yellow and orange. Sometimes called African or American marigolds, these heavy bloomers can appear somewhat clunky in the summer garden, but in the fall the burning balls of color are a visual treat.

Speaking of vision, deep orange marigold petals are an excellent source of lutein and zeaxanthin, two phytochemicals associated with eye health. Many natural lutein dietary supplements are based on extracts from marigold petals, which retain their lutein and lycopene when dried. You can consume dried marigold petals directly, by adding the flakes to smoothies or teas, or by feeding them to your chickens and then eating the eggs.

French marigolds (Tagetes patula) are smaller in all ways compared to their larger cousins. Growing into rounded bushes about 18 inches (45 cm) tall, French marigolds are thought to be an interspecies hybrid between large-flowered marigolds and signet marigolds (see below). The foliage of French marigolds releases a musky fragrance when crushed, like that of large-flowered marigolds.

Gem marigolds

French marigolds are heavily used in commercial landscapes because they deliver such great low-maintenance color, but gardeners have other reasons for growing these bomb-poof flowers. Most marigolds inhibit soil-borne rootknot nematodes, but French marigolds are especially talented at luring nematodes to their death. In warm climates with sandy soil where nematodes are a constant concern, cover cropping with French marigolds can be a valuable management tool.

Signet Marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia) are airy, winsome plants compared to other marigolds. The thin stems are prone to falling into a cascade, which is eventually covered with hundreds of petite yellow, orange, or mahogany flowers.

Gem marigolds

When crushed, the foliage of signet marigolds gives off a citrusy fragrance, and the petals have a sweet floral flavor when chopped into salads. By far the best marigold for containers, little signets are often known as gem marigolds due to the sustained popularity of the 'Lemon Gem' and 'Orange Gem' varieties. Bicolored 'Starfire' and dark red-orange 'Paprika' are equally good, and it's easy to save and replant seeds from plants you especially like.

In Mexico, marigold blossoms are used to decorate graves, but in India the pure orange and yellow shades of marigold (gendu) blossoms have earned them important places in religious and cultural ceremonies. Marigolds are by far the most widely grown flower in India, but the marigolds in my autumn garden need no special meaning. It is enough that they provide flawless color in the waning days of fall.

By Barbara Pleasant

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Comments

 
"Also, when the marigolds start to dye off, save the flower heads, they are full of seeds. Next year, spread the seeds around in the dirt and multiply your marigolds every year."
Bunnie on Sunday 13 October 2013
"I have often heard that marigolds are good for keeping certain garden pests.You stated that French marigolds are especially talented at luring nematodes to their death. What is it about the marigolds that makes that happen?"
Elizabeth on Friday 18 October 2013
"My marigolds border my raised beds. Wonderful color and hides the concrete blocks of the beds. They reseed themselves and I find myself treating them as weeds except where I want them."
Roy on Friday 18 October 2013
"We are plagued with squash bugs that kill the winter squash before the fruit can ripen. I have read that marigolds will keep these bugs away. Any truth to that?"
Pat Roloff on Friday 18 October 2013
"Elizabeth, at first scientists thought French marigolds controlled nematodes by starving them out, but then it was discovered that marigold roots may use nematodes as a nutrition source. In the "luring nematodes" link above, scroll down to the photo of the dead nematode in a marigold root...Pat, marigolds may deter squash bugs a little, but for late season problems you often can bait them with pieces of squash or pumpkin rind left out in their territory, skin side up. Quickly drop the rinds into a pail of soapy water to drown the squash bugs you collect. Good luck!"
Barbara Pleasant on Saturday 19 October 2013
"where can w buy that Marigold for my eyes"
GENEVIEVE MERGEN on Sunday 12 January 2020

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